Richard, you asked me to expand on what I meant by saying that the golden altar of incense and what it represents are essential to the final atonement ministry of Christ. This is a large subject, right at the heart of Adventism, that eventually expands to encompass everything we teach. I will confine my explanation to what is represented by the incense, and how this impacts the role of the people on the Day of Atonement, and the final atonement ministry of Christ for His people.
Following are a few statements from Ellen G. White that show how she discussed these things, so at least you will be able to see that I am not making up something new. After that, I will establish these same essential points and develop them a little further from Scripture alone.
"The incense, ascending with the prayers of Israel, represents the merits and intercession of Christ, His perfect righteousness, which through faith is imputed to His people, and which can alone make the worship of sinful beings acceptable to God. Before the veil of the most holy place was an altar of perpetual intercession, before the holy, an altar of continual atonement. By blood and by incense God was to be approached--symbols pointing to the great Mediator, through whom sinners may approach Jehovah, and through whom alone mercy and salvation can be granted to the repentant, believing soul." (Patriarchs and Prophets, p. 353)
"We are now living in the great day of atonement. In the typical service, while the high priest was making the atonement for Israel, all were required to afflict their souls by repentance of sin and humiliation before the Lord, lest they be cut off from among the people. In like manner, all who would have their names retained in the book of life should now, in the few remaining days of their probation, afflict their souls before God by sorrow for sin and true repentance. There must be deep, faithful searching of heart." (The Great Controversy, p. 489)
"The work of the investigative judgment and the blotting out of sins is to be accomplished before the second advent of the Lord. Since the dead are to be judged out of the things written in the books, it is impossible that the sins of men should be blotted out until after the judgment at which their cases are to be investigated. But the apostle Peter distinctly states that the sins of believers will be blotted out 'when the times of refreshing shall come from the presence of the Lord; and He shall send Jesus Christ.' Acts 3:19, 20." (The Great Controversy, p. 485)
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The above makes it clear that the incense represents the righteousness of Christ that must be mingled with all our prayers, for them to be acceptable to God. Additionally, there is a special work of prayer on the part of God's people, called for on the Day of Atonement. We must make sure that all our sins are confessed and go beforehand to judgment, so we can be beneficiaries of the "blotting out of sins." I will also touch on what that signifies.
We begin in Scripture with the type:
"For on that day the priest shall make atonement for you, to cleanse you, that you may be clean from all your sins before the Lord….then he shall make atonement for the Holy Sanctuary, and he shall make atonement for the tabernacle of meeting and for the altar, and he shall make atonement for the priests and for all the people of the assembly." Leviticus 16:30, 33 (NKJV)
Notice that this Day of Atonement was to be for the purpose not only of cleansing the sanctuary, but for the purpose of cleansing the people. The object of this cleansing was to make the people clean from all their sins before the Lord. In other words, their sins were to be blotted out. (See Isaiah 44:22)
The following text tells us that the people had a role to play in the Day of Atonement Service. They were to participate by resting from their works, and by afflicting their souls—meaning they were to search their hearts and make sure that every sin was confessed:
"And you shall do no work on that same day, for it is the Day of Atonement, to make atonement for you before the Lord your God. For any person who is not afflicted in soul on that same day shall be cut off from his people." Leviticus 23:28, 29 (NKJV)
The prayers of the people to rid themselves of anything sinful separating them from God, must be mingled with the incense of Christ's righteousness in order for them to be presentable before God. So closely is the righteousness of Christ identified with the prayers of His people, that in Revelation 5:8 we read of "…golden bowls full of incense, which are the prayers of the saints." (NKJV)
Daniel 8:14 gives us the time prophecy which tells us when the time for the beginning of the Antitypical Day of Atonement came, and it also tells us that there is a sanctuary cleansing that will be involved.
"And he said to me, 'For two thousand three hundred days; then the sanctuary shall be cleansed.'" Daniel 8:14 (NKJV)
In the New Testament, on the Day of Pentecost, Peter looked forward to a future blotting out of sins:
"Repent therefore and be converted, that your sins may be blotted out, so that times of refreshing may come from the presence of the Lord, and that He may send Jesus Christ, who was preached to you before" Acts 3:19, 20 (NKJV)
Note that this blotting out of sins is associated with "times of refreshing…from the presence of the Lord." Scripture tells us that just as the baptism of the Spirit that came upon the disciples at the time of Pentecost was the "former rain," so also there will be a "latter rain" outpouring of the Holy Spirit (see Joel 2:23).
What consequence might there be for the people of God as they receive the final atonement with its blotting out of sins? What special benefit might the latter rain outpouring of the Holy Spirit confer? In ancient Israel, the effect of the "latter rain" was to ripen the crops for the harvest. So also spiritually, the purpose of the latter rain outpouring of the Holy Spirit must be to bring His people to the point where they are ready for the Lord to come.
Now, what might be the nature of the work that the Holy Spirit will do for God's people when they receive the Latter Rain?
When Christians first come to Christ and begin their Christian walk, they receive a kind of "seal" that is administered by the Holy Spirit:
"…do not grieve the Holy Spirit of God, by whom you were sealed for the day of redemption." Ephesians 4:30 (NKJB)
But Scripture also tells us about a special end-time seal of God that the people of God will receive, as they prove faithful in the test over the mark of the beast (see Revelation 7:2-4). It seems reasonable to conclude that the seal of Ephesians 4:30 is the seal of the former rain ministration of the Holy Spirit, and the seal of Revelation 7:2-4 is the seal of the latter rain ministration of the Holy Spirit.
What are the effects that this might have on the people of God? What changes might it produce in them? A hint is given in Hebrews:
"For the law, having a shadow of the good things to come, and not the very image of the things, can never with these same sacrifices, which they offer continually year by year, make those who approach perfect. For then would they not have ceased to be offered? For the worshipers, once purified, would have had no more consciousness of sins. But in those sacrifices there is a reminder of sins every year. " Hebrews 10:1, 2 (NKJV)
This suggests that when the believers receive the cleansing and blotting out of sins typified by the yearly Day of Atonement service, there is a change in their consciousness of sins. Let us consider the new covenant promise in its fullness:
"For this is the covenant that I will make with the house of Israel after those days, says the Lord: I will put My laws in their mind and write them on their hearts; and I will be their God, and they shall be My people. None of them shall teach his neighbor, and none his brother, saying, 'Know the Lord,' for all shall know Me, from the least of them to the greatest of them. For I will be merciful to their unrighteousness, and their sins and their lawless deeds I will remember no more. " Hebrews 8:10-12 (NKJV)
What will it mean for this gospel promise of the covenant to be received in its final fullness? Notice the last clause. If God forgets our sins, then can we still remember them?
We also have the promise that Jesus will purge and purify His people:
"But who can endure the day of His coming? And who can stand when He appears? For He is like a refiner's fire And like launderer's soap. He will sit as a refiner and a purifier of silver; He will purify the sons of Levi, And purge them as gold and silver, That they may offer to the Lord An offering in righteousness." Malachi 3:2, 3 (NKJV)
Now, this does not mean that God's people will be given sinless natures at this time. Scripture plainly tells us that our bodies are not changed until the Second Coming (see 1 Corinthians 15:51-53). Nor does it necessarily mean that God's people will have amnesia, when they receive the blotting out of sins, they have no more consciousness of sins, and God remembers their sins no more.
Rather, it is the essence of sin itself, the attitude of unbelief toward God, that will be removed, as the people of God become fully and completely converted. While sin leads to transgression of the law, by which sin can be outwardly identified, the inward nature of sin is lack of faith. Thus we have Paul's definition of sin:
"…whatever is not from faith is sin." Romans 14:23 (last part; NKJV)
Paul also said that unbelief was the reason why ancient Israel failed to enter into the covenant promises:
"Seeing therefore it remaineth that some must enter therein, and they to whom it was first preached entered not in because of unbelief….Let us labour therefore to enter into that rest, lest any man fall after the same example of unbelief." Hebrews 4: 6, 11 (KJV)
In the above, the Greek word apeitheia, translated "unbelief" in the KJV and as "disobedience" in other versions, refers to an attitude of the heart, as is apparent when we consult Thayer's Bible Dictionary:
543 apeitheia {ap-i'-thi-ah}
from 545; TDNT - 6:11,818; n f
AV - unbelief 4, disobedient 3; 7
1) obstinacy, obstinate opposition to the divine will
It is unbelief, or lack of faith, that leads to disobedience.
Jesus expressed what His real concern would be when He returns to receive His people. He did not say He would be concerned whether He would find people who were perfect in every respect. Rather, He asked:
"… when the Son of Man comes, will He really find faith on the earth?" Luke 18:8 (NKJV)
Our problem presently is that we are not fully converted. Our faith is not perfect. Our hearts are still divided between belief and unbelief. Thus the Psalmist prayed:
"Teach me Your way, O Lord; I will walk in Your truth; Unite my heart to fear Your name." Psalms 86:11 (NKJV)
This is what we need. For our hearts to be united, so that we are whole-hearted, and our faith is untainted by distrust of God. If we have such faith, then we will truly be satisfying the righteous requirement of God. The Law of God is summarized thusly:
"You shall love the Lord your God with all your heart, with all your soul, and with all your strength." Deuteronomy 6:5 (NKJV)
When the angels and intelligent beings on other worlds see that we former rebels on earth have become true patriots, then they will welcome us into the kingdom of Heaven, confident of our fitness.
The conclusion of these things is simply this: the purpose of Jesus' second apartment, Day of Atonement ministry in the sanctuary in Heaven, is to perfect the faith of His people. In this work, we must cooperate, actively seeking to rid our hearts and lives of every taint of sinful unbelief toward God, cherishing no sinful practice, and refusing no reform He asks of us as His Spirit leads us to discover all the things that may be in the way, hindering our relationship with Him. Like ancient Israel on the Day of Atonement, we must afflict our souls as our High Priest ministers for us. Our earnest prayers must ascend, mingled with the incense of the righteousness of Christ, as He goes about finishing the work in us.
Ron Lambert