Don’t Overlook Processed Meat as Colorectal Cancer Risk Factor
Medscape John Watson April 02, 2025
https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/dont-overlook-processed-meat-colorectal-cancer-risk-factor-2025a10007vd?ecd=mkm_ret_250504_mscpmrk_onc_crc_etid7400225&uac=305958HN&impID=7400225Many are familiar with the modifiable risk factors of obesity, smoking, and alcohol consumption, but the impact of processed meat — a common element of the Western diet — often remains underappreciated.
But the data are clear: Processed meat, defined as meat that has been altered through methods such as salting, curing, fermentation, or smoking to enhance flavor or preservation, has been linked to an increased risk for CRC.
The International Agency for Research on Cancer, part of the World Health Organization, analyzed over 800 global studies and classified processed meats as carcinogenic to humans, whereas red meat was deemed “probably” carcinogenic. Their findings were later published in The Lancet Oncology, confirming that the strongest epidemiologic evidence linked processed meat consumption to CRC.
[Studies on Red & Processed Meats]2020 prospective analysis of UK Biobank data reported that a 70 g/d higher intake of red and processed meat was associated with a 32% and 40% greater risk for CRC and colon cancer, respectively.
2025 prospective study examined the associations between CRC and 97 dietary factors in 542,778 women. Investigators found that, aside from alcohol, red and processed meat were the only other dietary factors positively associated with CRC, with a 30 g/d intake increasing the risk for CRC by 8%.
The risk for CRC associated with processed meats is probably due to a naturally occurring element in the meat and carcinogenic compounds that are added or created during its preparation, Johnson said. .......
Heterocyclic amines -reaction at high temperatures between creatine/creatinine, amino acids, sugars
Nitrates/nitrites - pink coloring and savory flavor to meat bnd with amines to produce N-nitrosamines, the most potent genotoxic carcinogens
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons - high temperature cooking, can induce DNA damage in the colon
Heme iron - promotes formation of carcinogenic N-nitroso compounds and oxidative damage to intestinal tissue.
With a 2024 study finding that greater adherence to WCRF/AICR Cancer Prevention Recommendations, including reducing processed meat consumption, was linked to a 14% reduction in CRC risk, physicians should emphasize the benefits of adopting dietary and lifestyle recommendations to patients.